American English

教学目标

1. vocabulary:
difficulty, pronounce, fall(n.), ask...for, pardon, medicine, however, British, a great many, store, and so on, the same as, more or less, reason, Europe, cent, Indian, cookbook, change...into, explain

2. Oral English:
　　1) Would you please say that again more slowly ? 你能慢慢地再说一遍吗?
　　2) Pardon ? 你说什么?
　　3) I'm sorry . I know only a little English / I don't quite follow you.
　　　抱歉,我英语懂得很少,我不太明白你的意思。
　　4) How do you pronounce / spell ... ? 你怎么读/拼......
　　5) I have some difficulty in doing sth. 我在做...方面有困难.
　　6) What does ... mean ? ... 是什么意思?

3. 语法：学习直接引语和间接引语

教学建议

对话分析

The dialogue is quite simple, so the teacher can encourage the Ss to act it out in class. Also the students can make up some related dialogues. when it comes to the text, the content is quite dull.

To make it more interesting, the teacher can tell a joke in the beginning. When dealing with the content of the text, the teacher can focus on some exercises, such as Choose and Fill in blanks.

重点知识讲解

1.difficulty n.困难，艰难，难事；有可数名词和不可数名词两种用法

①用作不可数名词，意为"困难、艰难"，常用在以下句型中

have no/find(some, any, much) difficulty with sth./(in) doing sth.

There is no (some, any, much) difficulty (in) doing sth.

I had no difficulty in learning English.

There was much difficulty (in) explaining it to him.

②用作可数名词，表示具体的困难，意为"难事，难点，困境，难处"。

This book is full of difficulties.

In face of so many difficulties, we never appeared to be afraid.

2. come about

   这是一个不及物动词短语，其意思是（happen）“发生”，“造成”。与happen一样，没有被动语态。

（１）You failed the exam. How did it come about? 这次考试你怎么不及格？

（２）Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel (争吵) comes about.

有时候很难说出口角是怎么引起的。

△联想 come 构成的短语有：

 come across偶然遇到；come to do 开始做……； come along一道去、快点、过来；come true 变成现实；come from 来自、出生于；come near 临近；come to an end 结束；come down 下来、流传下来；come into use 开始使用；come back 回来、回想；come into power 上台；come out 出来、长出、被出版；come into being 产生；come on 进行、进展、赶快、来！加油；come to oneself 苏醒；come up 发生、被提出、长出、发芽。

３. And so on

该词组用于列举事物，一般放在句末（但是不完全列举。）意为“等等”，“如此等等”。如：

（1）Vegetables are potatoes, beas, cabbages and so on.蔬来有土豆、豆子、白莱等等。

（2）They asked what my name was, where I lived, who my parents were, and so on..

他们问我姓什名谁，家住哪里，父母是何人，等等。

4. more or less

这是个固定词组，意为( about, almost, nearly) 大约，或多或少，大体上。在句中作状语，可放在修饰词之前，也可放在句末，用逗号与句子分开。例如：

　　（1）The work is more or less finished.　这项工作大体完成了。

　　（2）The trip will take ten days more or less. 这次旅行约需十天时间。                  

　　（3）I hope my advice will be more or less helpful to you.

            希望我的建议对你多少有些帮助。

5. When do you take your next exams?

  1) 注意exam / examination 同动词的搭配：

take / have an exam (学生参加考试)；give（students）an exam 老师考学生；

hold an exam 举行考试；          pass an exam 考试合格；

fail (in ) an exam 考试不合格

2) 注意本句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时。有这种用法的动词有：take, begin, get, go, start, leave等，表示按计划或时刻表将要发生的事情。如：

When does the winter holiday begin? 寒假什么时候开始？

The plane takes off at 9:30 a. m. 飞机上午九点三十分起飞。

6. I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English。

I have some difficulties with pronunciation.

difficulty即可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，意为“困难”，用于下列句式：

a. have + difficulty + (in) doing sth. 其中介词in可省略。它表示“在做某事时有困难”、“在……方面费劲”。difficulty前可用some, great, much, little, no等词饰饰。例如：

You' ll have no difficulty ( in ) finding his house, for he is well known in this area.

b. have + difficulty/difficulties + with sth. 名词前用介词with,不用in, 且with不可省略。例如：

I'm having some difficulty with my daughter's maths homework.

c. There is no (some, much, any) difficulty (in) doing sth.

d. do sth. with/without any difficulty

e .find difficulty (in) doing sth.

例如：

（1）There was much difficulty (in) explaining it to him.

     要给他解释清楚真费了不少劲。

（2）I find some difficulty (in) learning Russian. 我觉得学俄语有些困难。

（3）He finished his homework without (any) difficulty.

    他毫不费力地完成了家庭作业。

（4）His English was very bad and he spoke with difficulty.

　他的英语很差，说起来很吃力。

7. At first, the language stayed the same as th language used in Britain. 起初这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同。

But Americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western English. 但是美国人还是说 “fall” , 就像英格兰西部有些地区的人说 “fall”一样。

1）stay 在句中相当于连系动词，意为“保持某种状态”；相当于keep的意思，通常接形容词作表语，无被动语态。它还可以用作不及物动词，表示“停留”等，例如：

The shop stayed open till 6 o’clock. 这家商店一直营业到六点。

句式一：stay + 形，维持（……的状态）。如：

The windows stayed open all the night.

句式二：stay(+副)，停留（在某处）。如：

You should stay in bed.

句式三：stay (+ 副)，留宿，客居，暂住。如：

How long did you stay in New York?

2）the same as / the same …as 是“和……一样”的意思。在same之前总要加定冠词the。 as 是关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。as 从句可用省略形式。如：

This is the same material as is used in building the bridge. 这和建那座桥所用的材料一样。（as 作主语）

3）just as 意为“正如，恰似”，as 是连词，引导一个方式状语从句，有时也可引导表语从句。如：

She loves singing just as her mother did. 她喜欢唱歌，正像她妈妈过去喜欢唱歌一样。

Jack didn’t feel just as his wife did. 汤姆并不像他妻子感受的那样。（引导表语从句。）

8．Would you please say that again more slowly? = Will you please say that again more slowly? = Please say that again more slowly.

“Would/will you please. . . ?”是婉转提出要求时的礼貌用语，用would比用will更加礼貌，多用于对陌生人或长辈说话的场合。注意该句型后接动词原形，肯定回答：Yes, I will. / Sure, / All right. Certainly. / Yes, please. 否定回答：No, I won’t. / I’m sorry, but I can’t. / No, thank you.

9．In China about seven people in ten speak putonghua.

   in 作介词，表示比例、比率，例如：

   One in ten students could solve the problem.

10．I know only a little English. 我只懂一点英语.
little 作"少"解，有否定的意味，即"少得几乎没有"（almost no）的意思，a little虽然也作"少"解，但有肯定的意味，"即虽少但还有一点"的意思.而only a little 却是否定的.和little 同义,在非正式文体中一般用only a little来代替little.
试比较下列对话：
A：I'm thirsty. Can you give me some water to drink? 我渴了，给我一点水喝好吗？
B：Sure. There is a little water in the bottle. Take it.好的，瓶里还有一点水，拿去吧。
A：I'm thirsty. Can you give me some water to drink?我渴了，给我一点水喝好吗？